“Who first received the Baptism With the Holy Spirit (also referred to as the “Gift of the Holy Spirit”) on the Day of Pentecost has been debated by Bible students, theologians, and scholars for over one hundred years. Different views exist about whether the Holy Spirit was both promised and given to the apostles alone on the Day of Pentecost (the “Apostles-Only View”) or if all 120 followers of Jesus mentioned in Acts 1:15, or all the disciples of Jesus gathered, received the Holy Spirit. This paper will examine the “Apostles-Only View” and challenge it on exegetical grounds. Before examining the claims made by the Apostles-Only advocates, I will continue to provide a well-researched overview of theologians’ perspectives throughout Church history, offering historical-theological context for the controversy. In Part One, we examined theologians’ perspectives on the initial recipients of the Gift of the Holy Spirit, ranging from the early church to the Reformation Era. In Part Two, we explored theological viewpoints on this topic up until the eighteenth century. Part Three focused on the nineteenth century, highlighting the beginnings of the Apostles-Only Position. In Part Four, we addressed the twentieth century, which saw numerous divisions regarding this issue. Finally, in Part Five, we turn our attention to the twenty-first century, where the controversy continues to persist, including on social media. Let’s proceed to Part Five.

Exploring the Historical Background (Part Four)

~ The Debate Continues ~

This section continues the ongoing discussion about who the original recipients of the Gift of the Holy Spirit were on the Day of Pentecost. Although John Chrysostom raised the question of who received the Holy Spirit in the fourth century, to my knowledge, there is no evidence that any theologian taught that only the Twelve Apostles received the Holy Spirit when the Spirit descended until the nineteenth century. Most of the nineteenth-century scholars we investigated concluded that 120 or more disciples received the Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost. In the nineteenth century, a new perspective emerged that ignited the ongoing modern controversy: the Apostles-Only position. Now, in the twenty-first century, the differences between these positions have become more pronounced.

Twenty-first Century (2000 – ?)

As we look ahead, we will begin by exploring the perspectives of Charismatic Theologian Craig Keener.

Craig S. Keener (1960 – )

Craig S. Keener is an American New Testament scholar whose work has had a significant impact on the study of the Gospels, Luke-Acts, and biblical background; his emphasis on “spirit hermeneutics” has also made him one of the leading voices within the Pentecostal/charismatic tradition. Dr. Keener was educated at Central Bible College (B.A.), Assemblies of God Theological Seminary (M.Div.), and Duke University (Ph.D., 1991), and has served as professor at Hood Theological Seminary, Palmer Theological Seminary of Eastern University, and since 2011 as the F.M. & Ada Thompson Professor of Biblical Studies at Asbury Theological Seminary. In addition to numerous scholarly articles, Dr. Keener has written several major books, including The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament, A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, The Gospel of John, the four-volume Acts: An Exegetical Commentary, Miracles, Spirit Hermeneutics, and Christobiography.¹ In his commentary, he writes

“The promise applies to all believers (2:39) … The ‘all’ of 2:1 must include the Twelve (1:13, 26; cf. 2:14), the women, and Jesus’s bothers (1:14), and presumably some others as well.”²

I agree with Craig Keener on this matter.

Let’s take a moment to consider a quote from the Baptist scholar L. Scott Kellum.

L. Scott Kellum (1964 – )

L. Scott Kellum (b. Jan 31, 1964) is a well-known U.S. Baptist scholar and educator whose research focuses primarily on the study of Greek exegesis, Johannine studies, the development of the NT canon, and Biblical hermeneutics. Mr. Kellum was born in Gulfport, MS. Mr. Kellum received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Miss., Master of Divinity degree from New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, and his Doctorate of Philosophy in NT Studies from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary in 2002. He began teaching at Southeastern in 2003. Dr. Kellum serves as Senior Professor of NT/Greek. In addition to his work in academia, Mr. Kellum has also been involved in local church ministries. Specifically, he has pastored churches in both Mississippi and North Carolina. Some notable writings by Dr. Kellum are “The Unity of the Farewell Discourse,” “Preaching the Farewell Discourse,” and “Acts” for the Exegetical Guide to the Greek NT Series. Also, Dr. Kellum is listed as an author of “The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown” and collaborated with Charles L. Quarles on “40 Questions About the Text and Canon of the NT.” All of these endeavors have positioned Dr. Kellum among many other prominent evangelical Baptist scholars who currently seek to integrate their scholarly pursuits with their church-based expository instruction.³ He simply states that

“The antecedent of αὐτοῖς [them in Acts 2:3] is the 120.”⁴

This quote indicates that L. Scott Kellum recognizes that the initial infilling of the Holy Spirit included 120 people, not just 12.

Next, let’s read what Keven L. Moore, a Restorationist theologian, has to say.

Kevin L. Moore (c. 1967 – )

Kevin L. Moore is a writer/teacher/missionary for the Churches of Christ with a focus on missions, Bible studies, and instructional education for churches. Kevin writes that he was born in West TN, moved to New Zealand in 1987, and served as an Evangelist for Churches of Christ in Wellington (1987-1994) & Whanganui (1996-2003), then in Porirua (2010-2012). He now serves as Professor of Bible & Missions and Director of Studies of Missions at Freed-Hardeman University. According to the Public Faculty/Catalog of Freed-Hardeman University, Kevin earned the following degrees: BS from Freed-Hardeman College (1983); Two-Year Certificate in Preaching from the East Tenn. School of Preaching (1986); Additional Study at ACU (1987); MA from FHU (1996); PhD from VU (2005). Additionally, Kevin is the author of books including “Getting to Know the Bible” and “The Single Missionary”, while continuing to write articles on Bible and Theology issues for publications like Journal of Language, Culture & Religion and Forthright. Thus, he remains a well-known figure among writers in Bible education and among missionaries in the Churches of Christ.⁵ On his blog site, he writes

Between Christ’s ascension and the Day of Pentecost the apostles did assemble with 120 disciples (Acts 1:15), yet several days elapsed from the apostles’ return to Jerusalem to the outpouring of the Spirit (1:5). Seeing that Pentecost was fifty days after the Passover (Lev. 23:15-16), and from Christ’s resurrection to his ascension was forty days (Matt. 28:1; Acts 1:3), over a week stood between the Lord’s ascension and Pentecost. Since the temple was the regular assembling place for larger groups (Acts 2:46; 5:42), it is interesting to note that their prayer meetings were in the temple (Luke 24:53), not in the upper room where the apostles were residing. When Luke records that “they” were in one place (Acts 2:1), the nearest antecedent is the “apostles” (1:26). In order to assert that the Holy Spirit was poured out on 120 men and women, one has to skip back over eleven verses and ignore the immediate context. Furthermore, the apostles are the only ones recorded in Acts 2 as speaking from God, and the masculine pronoun houtoi (“these”) in verses 7 and 15 (literally “these men”) clearly has reference to them. Finally, the baptism of the Holy Spirit was never promised to all disciples but specifically “to the apostles whom he had chosen” (Acts 1:2-5; cf. 2:43; 5:12).⁶

He largely echoes what other apostles and advocates have said. I look forward to addressing his points soon.

Let us examine Kyle Butt’s views, an American apologist for the Churches of Christ, on this matter.

Kyle Butt (1976 – )

Kyle Butt is an American apologist for the Churches of Christ who teaches and writes about Christian Evidences, Biblical Authority, and Popular Apologetics. Kyle Butt’s work is identified by Apologetics Press as Associate Director of the organization since 2000. The website states that he holds a B.A. in Bible & Communications, M.A. in New Testament Studies, M.Div. in Apologetics, and a D.Min. All of the above are earned at Freed-Hardeman University. Also stated on the website is that he is the Author/Co-Author of over forty books and has participated in numerous debates against Atheist Interlocutors. These three primary sources collectively demonstrate that Kyle Butt is a church-based apologist, a prolific publisher/writer of popular-level content, who has had impact through publications, debating, video teaching, and a nearly two-decade association with Apologetics Press; NOT through a traditional university faculty position.⁷

“Some assume that the events in Acts 2:1-4 must go all the way back to Acts 1:15. If we remove the chapter division, however, this problem is easily resolved. Acts 1:26 and 2:1, without the division, read as follows: ‘And they cast their lots, and the lot fell on Matthias. And he was numbered with the eleven apostles. Now when the Day of Pentecost had fully come, they were all with one accord in one place.’ When these verses are combined, as they are in the original text, it is easy to see that the ones who were ‘with one accord in one place” were the apostles. The pronoun ‘they’ in Acts 2:1 does not refer to the 120 disciples but to the immediate antecedent—the apostles.”⁸

Bradley S. Cobb (1978 – )

Bradley S. Cobb is an author and a Churches of Christ Minister who publishes, edits, and writes books focused primarily on expositional preaching/teaching and on practical church/individual studies. On “The Cobb Six” website (www.thecobb6.com), he is identified as the author of “The Holy Spirit in the Book of Acts.” Additionally, the same source distinguishes Jesse Cobb as his spouse, which supports attributing the book to Bradley rather than to Jesse. Published by Cobb Publishing in 2015, this book presents a passage-by-passage examination of all references to the Holy Spirit found throughout the book of Acts. This publication fits into a larger collection of commentaries, sermons, and other study tools published by Cobb via his ministry platform. Since most biographical information about Cobb can be found on his personal website (rather than independently verified by universities or scholarly institutions), he may be considered a contemporary ministerial author/publisher rather than simply someone with an established academic background.⁹ In an article he wrote for Apologetics Press, he states,

Some argue that this event [being filled with the Spirit and speaking in tongues] happened to the entire 120 who were mentioned in 1:15… We… state that verse one shows this is a different day, and then says “they were all with one accord in one place.” The last group of people mentioned [in Acts 1:26](and therefore the most likely antecedent of “they”) is the apostles, just four verses earlier in 1:26. We will also point out that in verse 14, Luke says Peter stood up “with the eleven,” not “with the one hundred and nineteen.”¹⁰

He merely reflects the views of those who hold the apostles-only position that we have read previously.

I have decided to include Corey Minor, as he is gaining influence on topics like this.

Corey Minor (1972 – )

Corey Minor is a modern-day Christian media professor/online theologian; he is best known as the head of Smart Christians, an internet-based ministry that aims to develop students of Scripture (Christian and non-Christian alike) using Smart study techniques for all levels of Bible students. The Smart Christians webpage presents the organization’s goal as providing a means for Christians and non-Christians to gain a deeper understanding of Scripture through Smart Christian study methods. His podcast appearances also establish him as the “voice” of the “Smart Christians Channel,” particularly when discussing some of the most controversial doctrines today (such as the Gifts of the Holy Spirit). Lastly, a recent Faithlife product description establishes him as associated with discerning study of the Word of God, stating that the Smart Christians Study Bundle was developed out of Corey Minor’s desire to live as a “Smart Christian.” Overall, it can be said that while Minor may not be considered a traditional, academically trained scholar, he is a contemporary digital-age Bible professor who uses digital media, open public theological discussions, and curated studies to impact others.¹¹ In one video, Corey states,

“When they came together, and suddenly there came a sound of heaven, a noise like a violent rushing wind, and it filled the house where they were sitting, and it appeared to them tongues as a fire distributing themselves, and they rested on each one of them so each of the people that were there. …It’s important … to understand that the people that are there are the 12 … disciples. Some have stated that they thought that it was 120 in the upper room. One, we don’t know if … they’re in the upper room. It just says they were in a room, so we don’t know if it’s an upper room [if the] 120 [were] there. …120 disciples [were] together in that day, but he [Luke] is starting with these 12, and … we know it’s 12 because when we read further we’ll see Peter standing up amongst the other 11. 11 plus Peter, that’s 12, so it rested upon these disciples, these Apostles …”¹²

He does not appear to offer any new insights into the apostles-only position. However, it is noteworthy that he is one of the few evangelicals who maintain this belief. We have also identified another prominent evangelical who shares the same view – Norman Geisler. From an evangelical perspective, both Corey Minor and Norman Geisler represent a minority view. While this does not necessarily mean they are incorrect, it is simply a matter of fact. I find their position does not align with sound hermeneutics or exegetical principles, as the scriptural record indicates otherwise.

Mike Glover, a Restorationist English Bible teacher, agrees with Corey Minor.

Mike Glover (1979 – )

Mike Glover is an English Bible Teacher & Author; he works for “The Scriptures UK” – creating (in addition to) a vast array of topical studies, Book Commentaries, Sermon Materials & Small Group Lessons. On the site’s “Books of the Bible” webpage, Glover describes himself as a graduate of the British Bible School and states he has worked for many years among different churches, both by way of being their preacher/teacher and by leading adult and child education programs in which God’s Word was taught. Additionally, Glover mentions that most of his studies have been developed using input from other teachers, specifically Frank Worgan and tutors at the British Bible School. With a wealth of knowledge available through his writings, including topics like the Holy Spirit, Baptism, Church Questions, and many others related to the Old and New Testaments, it would be fair to describe Mike Glover primarily as a Bible Study Writer & Teacher who serves local churches.¹³ In an article, he wrote,

“We find these promises, which were made only to the apostles, recorded in… [He then quotes John 14:26; John 16:13; Luke 24:49; Acts 1:4-5] … It’s a mistake of major proportions, both textually and contextually, to assign these promises to ALL disciples. When we read carefully, we will see that only the apostles were addressed.”¹⁴

He is simply repeating teachings that only other apostles promote. I will address these arguments in future sections of this article.

Justin Childress is another evangelical who adheres to the apostles-only position.

Justin Childress (c. 1989 – )

Justin Childress is a contemporary Christian author, Bible teacher, and online theological instructor best known as the founder of “The Spirit Searches,” a website that provides information on biblical interpretation, doctrine, and practical instruction for lay readers. Based on his publicly displayed bio, he claims to have believed in Jesus Christ since 2005; he was raised in Pentecostal Churches, currently attends a non-denominational church named Christian Chapel, and occasionally leads Sunday School classes there. He defines his beliefs concerning doctrine as partial preterism, cessationism, credo-baptism (partly Reformed), and postmillennialism. Additionally, the majority of his writings and teaching resources address speaking in tongues, eschatology, salvation, and biblical exegesis. Although there are no records of him holding an official position in academia or of holding an advanced degree in theology, he has established a discernible online ministry through blogging and Bible teaching to defend what he considers the purity of biblical doctrine and to challenge practices/traditions he believes contradict scripture.¹⁵ Justin writes that

“The apostles alone were to be Jesus’ witnesses. In Acts 1:8 Jesus says to them, ‘You will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.’… “The promise of the Holy Spirit was made exclusively to the apostles on multiple occasions.” [He then quotes John 14:16-17, 26; 15:26; 16:7, 13; Luke 24:49; Acts 1:4-5, 8].”¹⁶

While there are passages where Jesus promises the Holy Spirit to the Apostles, there are also passages that indicate this promise extends to other disciples. Proof-texting is not an effective approach to solid, persuasive exegesis. I will delve into this issue in more detail later in this article.

After Justin Childress states in his article that the initial outpouring of the Holy Spirit was promised exclusively to the apostles, he continues with the discussion.

“Of course, the Spirit was not to be given to them [the apostles] alone. John the Baptist said that the Spirit would be given in a more general sense when he said to the crowds attending his baptism that Jesus would baptize them with the Holy Spirit and fire (Matt 3:11). This wouldn’t occur, however, until the Spirit was dispensed upon the apostles who, through the laying on of their hands, imparted it unto other believers”¹⁷

Without providing a full explanation just yet, I want to point out that I see Justin trying to resolve the contradictions in his own interpretation. The key fact is this: the Holy Spirit was initially given to many disciples on the Day of Pentecost, not just to the Twelve.

In his video, he adds

 “‘They’ of Acts chapter 1 more often refers to the apostles than it does to the hundred and twenty, and so if our understanding of who they were is based on who it refers to more often in the previous chapter, it would have to be the apostles in Acts 1 the apostles are referenced 28 times in contrast to the 120 who were only referenced eight times.”¹⁸

Upon thoughtful reflection, I find the quote to lack clarity and depth. It’s important to distinguish between meaningful interpretation and mere word counting. Let’s strive for genuine exegesis!

His video quote continues…

“We don’t have anything directly tying anyone other than the apostles to the day of Pentecost we know that Jesus’s mother and his brothers were part of the 120, and yet we don’t see them in Acts chapter 2. in fact we don’t see anyone But apostles being mentioned in Acts chapter 2.”¹⁹

This quote illustrates a person’s incomplete homework, revealing a lack of critical engagement with the material. Though I have not yet presented my case, one should at least recognize that strong contextual evidence shows that both women and men were directly promised to wait for the promised Gift of the Holy Spirit, which was to be poured out on Pentecost. Luke’s use of “they” extends beyond the twelve disciples, as indicated in Luke 24:33-36. I encourage all those reading this article to carefully read Luke 24:33 to the end. Though it is not hard to identify all those who have been promised the Spirit within the text, in the exegesis section, I will go through this in detail.

Historical View Summary

This article provides a historical overview of the teachings of Christian authors, teachers, and theologians regarding who initially received the Holy Spirit on Pentecost. I acknowledge that I have not covered every possible writer on this topic, but I believe I have included a comprehensive overview for those interested in theological discussions. Three main views have emerged on this matter: 1. Only the Twelve Apostles initially received the Holy Spirit. 2. 120 disciples initially received the Holy Spirit. 3. More than 120 disciples initially received the Holy Spirit. For those who love visuals, I have created the picture to the left to illustrate the perspectives.

Since this article is intended as a critique of the Apostles-only position, I will focus on that perspective for the remainder of the discussion. In the upcoming section, I will present a comprehensive, in-depth examination of the arguments supporting the apostles-only position. This will include a thorough analysis of the various perspectives and rationale put forth by its proponents, as well as a careful consideration of the implications and consequences of this viewpoint. Let’s get started.

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1. “Keener, Craig S. 1960–,” Encyclopedia.com, accessed April 6, 2026; Asbury Theological Seminary, “Dr. Craig S. Keener,” accessed April 6, 2026; Asbury Seminary, “Dr. Craig Keener: Miracles Today,” accessed April 6, 2026; InterVarsity Press, “Craig S. Keener,” accessed April 6, 2026; Eerdmans, “Craig S. Keener,” accessed April 6, 2026; Craig Keener, “About Craig Keener,” Bible Background, accessed April 6, 2026. ↩︎
2. Craig S. Keener, Acts: An Exegetical Commentary, vol. 1, 4 vols. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group, 2012), 795. ↩︎
3. L. Scott Kellum, “Curriculum Vitae,” Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, accessed April 7, 2026; “L. Scott Kellum,” Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary faculty profile, accessed April 7, 2026; L. Scott Kellum, The Unity of the Farewell Discourse: The Literary Integrity of John 13:31–16:33 (London: T&T Clark, 2004); L. Scott Kellum, Preaching the Farewell Discourse: An Expository Walk-Through of John 13:31–17:26 (Nashville: B&H, 2014); L. Scott Kellum, Acts, Exegetical Guide to the Greek New Testament (Nashville: B&H, 2020); Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum, and Charles L. Quarles, The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament, 2nd ed. (Nashville: B&H, 2016); Charles L. Quarles and L. Scott Kellum, 40 Questions About the Text and Canon of the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2023). ↩︎
4. L. Scott Kellum, Acts, ed. Andreas J. Köstenberger and Robert W. Yarbrough, Exegetical Guide to the Greek New Testament (Nashville, TN: B&H Academic, 2020), 30. ↩︎
5. Kevin L. Moore, “More about Kevin L. Moore,” Moore Perspective, accessed April 6, 2026; Freed-Hardeman University Undergraduate Catalog, 2013–2014 (Henderson, TN: Freed-Hardeman University, 2013), faculty listing for Kevin L. Moore; Freed-Hardeman University Academic Catalog, 2015–2016 (Henderson, TN: Freed-Hardeman University, 2015), faculty listing for Kevin L. Moore; World Evangelism Media Store, “Moore, Kevin,” author page, accessed April 6, 2026; 21st Century Christian, “The Single Missionary,” accessed April 6, 2026; Kevin L. Moore, “The Meek Shall Inherit the Earth: Deciphering Meaning through Layers of Context,” Journal of Language, Culture, and Religion 3, no. 2 (2022); Kevin L. Moore, “Earl Edwards evangelizes up to the last day,” Forthright, October 12, 2025 ↩︎
6. Kevin L. Moore, “Moore Perspective: Questions About Holy Spirit Baptism (Part 1 of 2),” Moore Perspective, October 26, 2013, https://kmooreperspective.blogspot.com/2013/10/questions-about-holy-spirit-baptism.html. ↩︎
7. Apologetics Press, “Kyle Butt,” author profile, accessed April 7, 2026; Apologetics Press, “Authors,” accessed April 7, 2026; Eric Lyons, “AP Staff Spotlight: Dr. Kyle Butt, Associate Director of Apologetics Press,” Apologetics Press, June 30, 2025; Kyle Butt, Baptist Book (Montgomery, AL: Apologetics Press, 2005), Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data; Kyle Butt and Eric Lyons, Behold! The Lamb of God (Montgomery, AL: Apologetics Press, 2006), Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data; “About the Authors,” The Joy of Generosity, accessed April 7, 2026. ↩︎
8. Kyle Butt, “On Whom Did the Tongues of Fire Rest?” Apologetics Press, last modified 2019, accessed July 29, 2024, https://apologeticspress.org/on-whom-did-the-tongues-of-fire-rest-1256/. ↩︎
9. Bradley Cobb, “Welcome to TheCobbSix.com!,” The Cobb Six, March 23, 2014; Bradley S. Cobb, The Holy Spirit in the Book of Acts (Charleston, AR: Cobb Publishing, 2015); Bradley Cobb, “The Holy Spirit in the Book of Acts,” The Cobb Six, February 2015; Bradley Cobb, “The Holy Spirit in the Book of Acts,” Cobb Publishing, accessed April 7, 2026; Bradley Cobb, “We Are Moving,” The Cobb Six, March 10, 2017; Bradley Cobb, “We Have Accepted a New Work,” The Cobb Six, May 8, 2017; Bradley Cobb, “The Quarterly,” The Cobb Six, accessed April 7, 2026; Bradley Cobb, “The Bradley S. Cobb Commentary Collection (MySword),” The Cobb Six, accessed April 7, 2026. ↩︎
10. Bradley S. Cobb, The Holy Spirit in the Book of Acts (McLoud, OK: Cobb Publishing, 2015), 28. ↩︎
11. Smart Christians, “Home,” Smart Christians, accessed April 7, 2026; Smart Christians, “About,” Smart Christians, accessed April 7, 2026; The Remnant Radio’s Podcast, “Interview with Corey Minor, Smart Christian #theologypodcast #theologydiscussion,” December 19, 2023; Faithlife, “Smart Christians Study Bundle,” accessed April 7, 2026. ↩︎
12. Cory Minor, “Biblical Truth About Tongues? Mins 50:27-51-36,” Smart Christians Channel, July 25, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_KLymhWuzw&t=16s. ↩︎
13. Mike Glover, “Books of the Bible,” The Scriptures UK, accessed April 7, 2026; “Sermon Series,” The Scriptures UK, accessed April 7, 2026; “Small Group Studies,” The Scriptures UK, accessed April 7, 2026; Glover, “Books of the Bible”; British Bible School, “Teaching staff,” accessed April 7, 2026; Glover, “Books of the Bible.”; Mike Glover, “The Holy Spirit,” The Scriptures UK, accessed April 7, 2026; Mike Glover, “Baptism,” The Scriptures UK, accessed April 7, 2026; Mike Glover, “Church,” The Scriptures UK, accessed April 7, 2026; Mike Glover, “Old Testament Studies,” The Scriptures UK, accessed April 7, 2026; British Bible School, “Teaching staff.” ↩︎
14. Mike Glover and Frank Worgan, “Did the 120 Receive Holy Spirit Baptism or Just the Apostles?” The Scriptures UK, last modified 2016, accessed July 29, 2024, https://the-scriptures.co.uk/studies/topical-bible-studies/bible-studies-by-mike-glover/the-godhead/the-holy-spirit-2/did-the-120-receive-holy-spirit-baptism-or-just-the-apostles. ↩︎
15. Justin Childress, “About,” The Spirit Searches, accessed April 6, 2026; Justin Childress, “The Spirit Searches,” homepage, accessed April 6, 2026 ↩︎
16. Justin Childress, “12 or 120: Who Spoke in Tongues on Pentecost,” The Spirit Searches, last modified January 28, 2023, accessed July 29, 2024. ↩︎
17. Ibid. ↩︎
18. Justin Childress, 12 or 120? Who Spoke in Tongues on the Day of Pentecost? (Teaching Presentation), 2023, accessed September 21, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=desX_Li2HKY&t=208s., video times 2:31-3:13, video recording April 28, 2023. . ↩︎
19. Ibid. ↩︎